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Refractions are caused by the bending of light through different densities of materials that allow light to pass through them, such as glass, water, etc.

When a material has a refraction value (as set through the Refraction Color and Refraction Amount parameters of a V-RayMtl material), the resulting render will display the appropriate refraction information in the final image. The refraction information can be broken out into discrete elements that may be used to control the refractions in the render in composite: Refraction, Refraction Raw, Refraction Filter, and Refraciton Glossiness.

Primarily, the Refraction render element itself is a product of two render elements: the Refraction Raw multiplied by the Refraction Filter. Basically, the refraction raw element gives the full refraction of objects refracting in the scene, while the refraction filter sets how much of that refraction should come through in the composite. When these two elements are multiplied, the true level of refraction is given. Using these component parts of the refraction, you can better fine-tune the refraction in your final composite.