This page gives information on how antialiasing works in V-Ray.
Overview
In V-Ray, an image sampler refers to an algorithm for calculating a pixel's color based on the colors within and around it.
Each pixel in a rendering can have only one color. To get the color of a pixel, V-Ray calculates it based on the object's material, direct light striking the object, and indirect lighting in the scene. But within a single pixel, there might be multiple colors, which may come from multiple objects whose edges intersect at the same pixel, or even difference in brightness on the same object due to changes in object shape or falloff and/or shadowing of light sources.
To determine the right color for such a pixel, V-Ray looks at (or samples) colors from different parts of the pixel itself as well as the pixels around it. This process is called image sampling. V-Ray includes two main image samplers, each with its own approach to sampling and its own parameters: Progressive and Bucket.
Image courtesy of Tuna Unalan
Multiple colors within a single pixel. What color should the pixel be?
What is Anti-aliasing?
One of the functions of image sampling is anti-aliasing, which is the reduction of jagged edges in a rendering. The following example shows the basic difference between an image with anti-aliasing, and one without.
If only one sample is taken for the each of the pixels around the edge of the sphere, the choice of pixel color is limited to the dark gray at the edge of the object, or the (white) background. Using one of these colors (i.e. taking only one sample) makes the image look jagged. This is the equivalent of no anti-aliasing at all.
If two or more samples are taken in each pixel, the colors are averaged, and pixels at the edge of the object end up being a color in between the dark gray of the sphere and the background. These in-between colors make the object appear smoother in the final rendering.
Antialiasing Diagram
