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Sphere lights as light bulbs in hanging fixture


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Sphere lights rendering (with slight Bloom Effect)


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General Rollout

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On – Turns the VRayLight on and off.

Type – Specifies the shape and function of the light:

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Plane – The VRayLight takes the shape of a planar rectangle.
Sphere – The VRayLight has the shape of a sphere.
Dome – The VRayLight emanates from a spherical or hemispherical dome around the scene extents. See the Dome Light page.
Mesh – Allows the usage of any mesh object as the shape of the light. See the Mesh Light page.
Disc – The VRayLight takes the shape of a planar disc.

Targeted – When enabled, a separate target object is attached to the light source. This target object can be moved separately from the light source, making it easier to point the light within the scene. The value specifies the distance from the light source to the target. While any type of VRayLight can have a target, the target is truly useful only with Plane and Disc lights. This option can be changed only in the Modify tab.

Length – The length of a Plane light source, measured in scene units.

Width – The width of the Plane light source, measured in scene units.

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Using the length, width or V size parameters is the recommended method for controlling the light's size. Avoid scaling the light. Uniform scaling can be used when the scene needs to be scaled up or down, but non-uniform scaling produces skewed or elliptical shapes, which may produce incorrect results.

Radius – The radius of the Sphere or Disc light source, measured in scene units.

Note: The size of the light source sometimes affects the light's intensity, shadows, and light diffusion depending on what is selected for the Units parameter. For more information, see Example: Light Units, Light Size and Shadow Crispness.

Units – Specifies the light units. Using correct units is essential when you work with the VRayPhysicalCamera. The light automatically takes the scene's unit scale into consideration to produce the correct result for the scale you are working with. The possible values are:

Default (image) – The color and multiplier directly determine the visible color of the light without any conversion. The light surface appears with the given color in the final image when seen directly by the camera (assuming there is no color mapping involved).
Luminous power (lm) – Total emitted visible light power measured in lumens. When this setting is used, the intensity of the light does not depend on its size. A typical 100W incandescent light bulb emits about 1500 lms of light.
Luminance (lm/m²/sr) – Visible light surface power measured in lumens per square meter per steradian. When this setting is used, the intensity of the light depends on its size. 
Radiant power (W) – Total emitted visible light power measured in watts. When using this setting, the intensity of the light does not depend on its size. Keep in mind that this is not the same as the electric power consumed by a light bulb for example. A typical 100W light bulb only emits between 2 and 3 watts as visible light. 
Radiance (W/m²/sr) – Visible light surface power measured in watts per square meter per steradian. When this setting is used, the intensity of the light depends on its size.

Multiplier – Multiplier for the light color, and also the light intensity for some Units settings.

Mode – Specifies the mode in which the color of the light is determined:

Color – Тhe Color swatch specifies the color of the light rays and of the light source itself when visible in renderings. For Units settings other than Default (image), this color is normalized so that only the color hue is used. 
Temperature – Тhe color of both light rays and the light source itself is specified by the Temperature value expressed in Kelvin.

Map – Enables the use of a texture for the light surface when a Plane or Disc light type is used. The button under this option selects the map to use. The texture intensity is also affected by the Multiplier value. The light uses the texture's alpha as opacity map.

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 Radius = 0.5; Units = Default (image)

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 Radius = 1.0; Units = Default (image)

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 Radius = 2.0; Units = Default (image)

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Rectangle/Disc Light Rollout

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This rollout is only available when the Type is set to Plane or Disc.

Directional – By default, the light from the Plane or Disc light is spread out equally in all directions on the side in which the light points. As this parameter is increased toward a value of 1.0, the spread narrows, making the light more directional. A value of 0 (default) makes the light shine in all directions around the light source. A value of 0.5 pushes the light cone to a 45-degree angle, and a value of 1.0 (maximum) makes a 90-degree light cone. For more information, see the Directional Spread example below.

Directional strength – Controls the blend between diffuse distribution and directional distribution. For example, setting the directional strength to 0.9 makes the light emit a portion of its energy (i.e. 10 percent) with diffuse distribution. This makes the light visible from the side in the reflections.

Preview – Allows the light's spread angle to be seen as a wireframe in the viewport, as it is set by the light's Directional parameter.

Always – The preview is always displayed. 
Selected – The preview is displayed only when the light is selected. 
Never – The preview is never displayed.

Preview texmap – If a texture is used to drive the light, enabling this shows the texture in the viewport. This option is grayed out if your 3ds Max viewport is configured to use Nitrous viewport driver. To enable, switch to the direct3D viewport

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Directional = 0.0

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Directional = 0.6

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Directional = 0.8

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Options Rollout

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Exclude – Opens the 3ds Max Exclude/Include window for selection of objects to be excluded or included in illumination and/or shadow-casting for this light.

Cast shadows – When enabled (the default), the light casts shadows. Turn this option off to disable shadow casting for the light.

Double-sided – When the light is a Plane or Disc type, this option controls whether light is beamed from both sides of the light icon. This field has no effect for Sphere type of light source. For more information, see The Single-Sided vs Double-Sided Lights example below.

Invisible – Controls whether the shape of the light source is visible in the rendered image. When this option is disabled, the light source is rendered in the color specified by the Color or Temperature setting in the Intensity rollout. This option only affects the visibility of the light when seen directly by the camera or through refractions. The visibility of the light with respect to reflections is controlled by the Affect reflections option.

Note: Regardless of whether this option is enabled, the light source is still taken into account by Global Illumination calculations, which might cause secondary GI rays to be blocked by or bounced off the light's surface. To make the light completely invisible to GI, place a VRayColor texture map into the light's texture slot and set the alpha value for the VRayColor map to 0.0.

Occlude other lights – Controls the behavior of invisible lights in relation to other light sources. When enabled, the light blocks the lighting from other lights as if it's visible. Also in reflections the light behaves as it's visible and occludes other lights. When disabled, the light is transparent for other lights and does not occlude them. This option doesn't affect visible lights (as they always occlude other lights) and dome lights (which are always additive).

Affect diffuse – Determines whether the light affects the diffuse portion of the materials. The value controls the light's contribution to the diffuse portion of the materials.

Affect specular – Determines whether the light affects the specular portion of the materials. The value controls the light's contribution to specular reflections.

Affect reflections – Specifies whether the light source appears in reflections.

Affect atmospherics - Specifies whether the light influences the atmospheric effects in the scene. The value determines the amount of involvement.

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Example: Single-Sided vs Double-Sided Lights

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Sampling Rollout

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Shadow bias – This value moves the shadow toward or away from the shadow-casting object (or objects). Higher values move the shadow toward the object(s), while lower values move it away. If this value is too extreme, shadows can "leak" through places they shouldn't or "detach" from an object. Other effects from extreme values include Moire patterns, out-of-place dark areas on surfaces, and shadows not appearing at all in the rendering.

Cutoff – Specifies a threshold for the light's intensity, cutting off the light's effect on a surface when it falls below this value. Lights lose intensity due to GI bouncing or decay. When light hits a surface but its intensity falls below the cutoff, the effect of the light on that surface is not computed. This can be useful in scenes with many lights, where you want to limit the effect of the lights to some distance around them or reduce computations (and thus reduce rendering time) where the light's impact is negligible. Larger values limit the light's effect on objects to a smaller area around the light source, while lower values increase the range of the light's effect. If you specify 0.0, there is no cutoff and the light is calculated for all surfaces regardless of intensity loss. The default value is 0.001. This parameter is not available when the renderer is set to GPU.

Tex resolution – Specifies the resolution at which the texture is resampled for importance sampling.

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Decay Rollout

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The Decay parameters determine how the light fades in and out. The Near Decay determines how light fades in. The light isn't at its maximum value at its source, but instead gradually increases until it reaches the Near end. The Far Decay determines how light fades out. The light isn't at its maximum value at its end, but instead gradually decreases after the Far start.

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Example: Near and Far Decay

This example shows some artistic lighting results achieved by using both Near and Far decay options.

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Near decay start 0, Near decay end 15, Far decay start 30, Far decay end 60

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Near decay start 20, Near decay end 35, Far decay start 40, Far decay end 55

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Near decay start 30, Near decay end 60, Far decay start 90, Far decay end 120

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Viewport Rollout

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Enable viewport shading – When enabled, the effect of the light is visible in the viewport. 

Viewport wire color – When enabled, the light's wireframe is displayed in the specified color in viewports.

Intensity rays – Helps with setting the desired streaks size of lights. This is just a visual tool and it depends on the Multiplier value under the General rollout. When the multiplier is increasing, the viewport indicators for VRayLight are expanding. If the multiplier is decreasing, the indicators are shrinking. See the Intensity Rays example below.

Icon text – Enables or disables the preview of the light name in the viewport.

Texmap preview – If a texture is used to drive the light, enabling this shows the texture in the viewport. This option is grayed out if your 3ds Max viewport is configured to use Nitrous viewport driver. To enable, switch to the direct3D viewport.

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