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This page provides information on the Camera overrides rollout in the Render Settings.

Overview

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Camera Overrides Parameters

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The cameras in V-Ray generally define the rays that are cast into the scene, which essentially is how the scene is then projected onto the viewing screen. V-Ray supports several camera types described below with sample renders in the next section.

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Column width 450px 45% Image Removed Common parameters for Panel titleBGColor transparent borderStyle none title Standard, Spherical, Box, Warped spherical, Cylindrical (point), Pinhole, and Cube Camera Types   Image Added Column width 450px 10% Column width 45% Image Removed Camera parameters for Panel titleBGColor transparent borderStyle none title Fish eye Camera Type   Image Added

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Column width 450px 45%  Image Removed Camera parameters for Panel titleBGColor transparent borderStyle none title Cylindrical (ortho) Camera Type   Image Added Column width 10% Column width 450px 45% Image Removed Camera parameters for Panel titleBGColor transparent borderStyle none title Spherical panorama Camera Type   Image Added

Auto Exposure – Automatically Exposure – Automatically determines an appropriate exposure value for the render. This option requires Light Cache in Single frame mode.

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Standard – Allows for the current scene camera to be used (usually a pinhole camera).
Spherical – A camera with a spherically shaped lens.
Cylindrical (point) – This camera casts all rays from the center of a cylinder. In the vertical direction, the camera acts as a pinhole camera, and in the horizontal direction, the camera acts as a spherical camera.
Cylindrical (ortho) – This camera casts all rays from the center of a cylinder. In the vertical direction, the camera acts as an orthographic view, and in the horizontal direction, the camera acts as a spherical camera.
Box – Six standard cameras placed on the sides of a box. This type of camera is excellent for generation of environment maps for cube mapping and generates a vertical cross format image. It can also be used for generating irradiance maps for GI: First, you would calculate the irradiance map with a Box camera, then save it to a file and finally reuse it with a Standard camera that can be pointed in any direction.and generates a vertical cross format image. 
Fish eye – This special type of camera captures the scene as if it is a pinhole camera pointed at a 100% reflective sphere that reflects the scene back into the camera's shutter, as with using a light probe in HDRI photography. You can use the Dist and FOV settings to control which part of the sphere is captured by the camera. Note that the virtual reflective sphere has always a radius of 1.0.
Warped spherical (old-style) – A spherical camera with slightly different mapping formula than the Spherical camera.
Orthogonal – An orthographic camera enabling flat, non-perspective views.
Pinhole – Overrides the scene camera to force it to be a pinhole camera.
Spherical panorama – Spherical camera with independent horizontal and vertical FOV selection that is useful for generating lat-long images for spherical VR use.
Cube6x1 – A variant of the Box camera with the cube sides arranged in a single row. Unlike the Box camera's output, Cube6x1 does not produce an empty space in the output image and is quite useful in generating cubic VR output.

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The images below show the difference between the different camera types used in rendering:

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Example: Camera Types Explained

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This example shows how the rays for different camera types are generated. The red arcs in the diagrams correspond to the FOV angles.

Depth of Field Parameters

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These parameters, which appear when the Depth of Field option is enabled, control the depth of field effect when rendering with a standard Maya camera. The parameters are ignored if you render with Physical camera Attributes. Column width 62% Column width 33% UI Text Box type info Depth of field is supported only for the Standard camera type. Other camera types do not produce the depth of field effect at this time. Aperture – The size of the virtual camera aperture, in world units. Small aperture sizes reduce the DOF effect. Center bias – Determines the uniformity of the DOF effect. A value of 0.0 means that light passes uniformly through the aperture. Positive values mean that light is concentrated towards the rim of the aperture, while negative values concentrate light at the center. Get focal distance from camera – When enabled, the focal distance is determined from the camera target. This setting works only with Maya camera types Camera and Aim or Camera, Aim and Up. Focus distance – Determines the distance from the camera at which objects will be in perfect focus. Objects closer or farther than this distance will be blurred. Sides – Enables simulation of the polygonal shape of the aperture of real-world cameras. When disabled, the shape used in calculations is perfectly circular. Number of sides – Sets the number of sides for the polygonal shape of the aperture. Rotation – Specifies the orientation of the aperture shape. Anisotropy – Stretches the bokeh effect horizontally or vertically. If you want the ratio of height to width of the bokeh to be k:1,  then the value for anisotropy should be sqrt(1/k)-1. For example, for anamorphic bokeh, which is 2.39:1, the anisotropy value should be -0.353.  Column width 5%     Image Removed  Column width 5%   Column width

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Motion Blur Parameters

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These parameters, which appear when the Motion Blur option is enabled, set values for calculations of the Motion Blur effect. For more information, see the Motion Blur example below. Column width 62% Camera motion blur – Enables the calculation of motion blur caused by the movement of the camera. Duration (frames) – Specifies the duration, in frames, during which the camera shutter is open. Interval center – Specifies the middle of the motion blur interval with respect to the Maya frame. A The default value of 0.5 means that the middle of the motion blur interval is halfway between the frames. A value of 0.0 means that the middle of the interval is at the exact frame position. You can also enter an arbitrary value for the interval center. For more information, see the Interval Center example below. Bias – Controls the bias of light for the motion blur effect. A value of 0.0 means that the light passes uniformly during the whole motion blur interval. Positive values mean that light is concentrated towards the end of the interval, while negative values concentrate light towards the beginning. General Motion Blur Parameters These parameters are used whether you are rendering from a standard camera or from a VRayPhysicalCamera with motion blur enabled. Shutter Efficiency – In real world cameras, the shutter requires some time to open and close which in turn affects the way motion blur looks. This is especially true for lenses with large apertures. To simulate this effect, this parameter controls how the motion blur samples are distributed in the time interval of the shot. A value of 1.000 means that the samples are evenly distributed as if the shutter opens and closes instantly. Lower values produce more realistic results by placing more samples toward the middle of the time interval. Prepass samples – Controls how many samples in time are computed during irradiance map calculations. Geometry samples – Determines the number of geometry segments used to approximate motion blur. Objects are assumed to move linearly between geometry samples. For objects rotating at high speed, increase this parameter to get correct motion blur. Note that higher values increase memory consumption since more geometry copies are kept in memory. For more information, see the Geometry Samples example below. Column width 5%   Column width 33%   Image Removed Image Added

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Example: Motion Blur

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This example demonstrates the various parameters for demonstrates how motion blur works.

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DurationExample DurationExample

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Example: Duration

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The following scene consists of three-frame animation of a moving conecube. The conecube's position on each frame: 

Frame 0: Left side
Frame 1: Near box
Frame 2: Right side

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The following images show frame 1 rendered with different duration values:

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Column width 10% 20% Column width 40%30% Image Added Image Removed Duration 0.5 (frames) Column width 40%30% Image Added Image Removed Duration 2.0 (frames) Column width 10%

 

 

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intervalCenter intervalCenter

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Example: Interval Center

 

This example demonstrates the effect of the interval center parameter. The scene is a moving sphere. Here are three sequential frames without motion blur:

 

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Image Removed Here is the middle frame, rendered with motion blur and three different values for the interval center; the motion blur duration is one frame.

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Interval center = 0.0; the middle of the motion blur interval matches the sphere position at the second frame

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Interval center = 0.5; the middle of the interval is halfway between the second and the third frame

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Image Removed Interval center = 01.0; the middle of the motion blur interval matches the sphere position at the second third frame

 

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Interval center = 0.54; the middle of the interval is halfway between the second and the third frame

 

matches the sphere position at the sixth frame

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Image Removed Interval center = 1.08; the middle of the interval matches the sphere position at the third twelfth frame

 

 

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geometrySamples geometrySamples

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Example: Geometry Samples

 

The following images demonstrate the Geometry samples parameter using the scene from the Duration example. In all the following renderings, the  Duration (frames)  parameter is set to 2. All other parameters are the same as for the previous images. The higher the value for Geometry samples, the more accurate the estimated object motion. However, excessive increase of this value will result in long rendering times.

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Column width 10%20%   Column width 40%30% Image Added Image Removed Geometry samples = 2 Column width 40%30% Image Added Image Removed Geometry samples = 8 Column width 10%

 

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The geometry samples parameter is useful when creating motion blur for complex motions, for example, fast-rotating objects. Here is an example with an accelerating airplane propeller with a blue and yellow pattern:

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Column width 25% Geometry samples = 2 Column width 25% Geometry samples = 3 Column width 25% Geometry samples = 6 Column width 25% Geometry samples = 10

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